Vertical Steam Generators

Principle of Operation

Alba Vertical Steam Generators operate on the principle of forced circulation along a multi-pass serpentine/tube bundle. The high-temperature flame and combustion gases generated by the burner create a counter-flow with heat transfer surfaces as they travel along the vertical axis, transferring heat to the feedwater through convection and radiation. The feedwater is pumped into the serpentine inlet by a feed pump; the high turbulent flow created on the inner surfaces of the tubes increases the heat transfer coefficient, ensuring rapid evaporation. Throughout the flow, the water-steam mixture gradually transforms into saturated steam and is separated by a specially designed Vortex separator located in the upper collector/separation area to obtain dry steam.

Combustion is continuously monitored by a modulated or stepped process burner; the automation system optimizes the burner load and feedwater flow rate using PID control logic with feedback from pressure transmitters, temperature sensors, and servo control equipment. Thanks to the low water volume, the system has low thermal inertia, resulting in fast start-up, high adaptability to sudden load changes, and the elimination of explosion risk. A multi-layered safety system (double safety valve, low water level shut-off switches, high pressure and temperature limit switches) ensures safe operation in accordance with international standards.